Psychology 12:  Introduction to African American Psychology

S/R Paper for April 3, 2008

By

Halford H. Fairchild

 

Film:  A Question of Color

 

Stimulus:  This film explores the issue of colorism in the African American community.  It covers the special challenges of being light, dark, and everything in between.  It touches on the issue of hair.  Jesse Jackson suggested that the Afro hair doo was a stop to our being “fictitious.”  (But what happened?)

 

Braids:  A Black woman’s “Great White Hope.”

 

Affects Asians and their desire for eye surgery. 

 

“Color consciousness in Black America is a consequence of racism in White America” (film’s ending).

 

Responses:  The ideology of White racial superiority produces these effects.  It is hard to discuss this film in a mixed context.

 

Are Blacks racist?  Can they be?

 

If you are white, you are all right.  If you’re brown, stick around.  If you’re Black get back.  If you’re red, you’re dead.

 

Willie Lynch letter:  divide and conquer.  We see this in Rwanda (Hutus and Tutsis rivalry created by Belgium). 

 

Light skinned are resented because of color and money (class).  Light skin is less objectional in White racist America, and therefore more upwardly mobile (in terms of SES).

 

Colored contact lenses.

 

What happened to “Black is Beautiful”?  See the Keri Davis film on doll preferences.

 

Kathleen Cleaver’s “cloud Afro,” a thing of the past.

 

And conflicts between Black women.

 

Perhaps, at a macro level, we are going through an identity recycling, to use an idea by Thomas Parham.  The whole of us have recycled to a Pre-Encounter existence.

 

The Black Consciousness movement happened 40 years ago.

Barack Obama’s mixed heritage provides an opportunity for curing America’s ‘original sin.’

 

Skin lighteners producing health problems – in Africa.

 

Bad hair and mass insanity.  What is the fucnction of hair?

 

Asian eye surgery.

 

Fairchild, H.H.  (1987).  N Word should be odious from anyone.  Los Angeles Times, Part II, p. 5.

 

Stimulus:  This op-ed piece suggests that the N Word is a “scar” of cultural racism.  It reviews the injudicious use of the NWord by a California jurist; and the doll studies of Darlene Powell-Hopson and Sharon McNichol. 

 

How Africans reject their Africanness.  De-Africanization (hair, skin color, facial features).

 

Place censures on the use of the Nword.

 

Responses:  Cultural racism – one of many forms of racism. 

 

The Academy Awards:  Denzel, Halle, It’s Hard Out Here Being a Pimp (2005 song of the year).

 

Censuring the use of the Nword is an uphill battle.  It is a battle that we seem to be losing.

 

Fairchild, H.H.  (1985).  Black, Negro, or Afro-American? The differences are crucial!  Journal of Black Studies, 16(1), 47-55.

 

Stimulus:  Reports an experiment that shows that negative stereotyping was more frequent toward Blacks; more favorable toward Afro-Americans.  Calls for the adoption of the term, African-American.

 

Race names as enhancing the contrast.

 

Responses:  The importance of capitalizing proper nouns, such as Black and White, and the struggle within the APA to adopt this policy.

 

The term “minority” as an instance of cultural racism – due to its homogenizing effects.

 

Ties of self-referents (names) to psychological well-being.

 

 

Use it? Or lose it? – LA Times December 5, 2006.

 

‘linguistic inertia’

Challenging the use of the Nword in Black comedy; Black culture.

 

Fairchild, H.H., & Cowan, G.  (1997).  The O.J. Simpson trial: Challenges to science and society.  Journal of Social Issues, 53(3), 583-591. 

 

Stimulus:  This is the final article of a special issue that focused on the OJ Simpson trial.  It synthesizes the body of work reported in the special issue.

 

Notes that “race” effects are proxy effects.  It is not about being Black or White, but about the experiences that people have (that are often – but not always – tied to one’s racial ascription).  Race effects are due to a “culturally shared network of cognitions and affects” (Mendoza-Denton, et al., 1997).

 

The article calls for future research that seeks to understand “race” in terms of its social-psychological processes (vs. the idea of racial essentialism – which is more biologically based). 

 

It reviews ‘challenges to society’ which are tied to ending racism.

 

The OJ Simpson trail may have stimulated a “quiet riot” of toughened laws (3 strikes, etc.).

 

The real challenge is in making America a true democracy that lives up to its ideals.  We need to solve the epidemic of domestic violence (and develop prevention strategies).

 

Responses:  The article debunks race, the idea of “fairness” in the criminal justice system (OJ received “White man’s justice”);

 

 

 

Bonus Article:  LA Times on Coachella trailer parks

 

The presence of such squalor is a violation of American ideals, and reminds us of the trans-racial nature of racism.

 

Who is benefiting from that squalor?